2024 Fidelity qlac

Fidelity is a leading financial services company that has been in business for over 70 years. They offer a wide range of services, including investment management, retirement plann.... Is sound of freedom based on epstein island

The annuity payments will end upon your death. QJSA – an immediate annuity for your life, with a survivor annuity for the life of your spouse, which is not less than 50% and not more than 100% of the amount of the annuity, which is payable during the joint lives of you and your spouse. The Plan desig-nates the 50% joint and survivor annuity ...The Brighthouse Guaranteed Income Builder® deferred income annuity is available as a qualifying longevity annuity contract (QLAC) for those who want to leverage a portion of …QLAC income is greater than the income from an investment, such as Simplicity RMD Funds from Fidelity, gaining 5% each year for 25 straight years. The below chart illustrates taking IRA portfolio RMD vs investing that $125,000 IRA into a QLAC and receiving guaranteed lifetime income payments at either 75, 80 or 85 yrs old.A QLAC delivers a guaranteed 5 stream of lifetime income beginning on a date you select. For instance, you may purchase a QLAC at age 65 and have your …Are you looking to create a dynamic and engaging presentation that captivates your audience? Look no further than a circular presentation with Fidel. This innovative approach to pr...If you're concerned about the longevity of your retirement savings, you may want to consider a qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC). In the newest installment of "Ask the Hammer," expert ...Nov 11, 2019 ... For standard health care alone in retirement, the average 65-year-old couple will spend $285,000, according to an estimate by Fidelity ...Fidelity Personal Retirement Annuity. Recognized as a Top Traditional Annuity by Barron's, 1 our Fidelity Personal Retirement Annuity ® 2 (FPRA) is a low-cost deferred variable annuity that allows you to increase your tax-deferred retirement savings beyond the contribution limits of an IRA or 401 (k). Start a conversation.Whether you are looking for a retirement score or a retirement income calculator, Fidelity's retirement tools & calculators can help you plan for your ...2. In order to provide an income stream, there is no or limited access to assets. 3. Inflation protection is through an optional cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917. 441145.32.0. An immediate fixed income annuity is available through The Fidelity Insurance ...A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a type of annuity contract specifically designed to keep you from outliving your retirement savings. As a deferred annuity, QLACs provide...Catch-up contributions will increase in 2025 for 401 (k), 403 (b), governmental plans, and IRA account holders. Defined contribution retirement plans will be able to add an emergency savings account associated with a Roth account. The legislation enacted in the SECURE Act 2.0 provides a slate of changes that could help strengthen the retirement ...Apr 3, 2024 · A QLAC can offer that extra cash flow,” says Justin Bailey, CFP, ® regional vice president at Fidelity Investments. “And the government ‘sweetens the pot’ by allowing us to delay the RMD with that portion of the money.” FidelityQLAC distributions must begin no later than the first day of the month after you turn age 85. 3. Your investment threshold. You will be limited as to how much of your retirement savings you can invest in a QLAC. The limit is $200,000. 4. Facts to keep in mind. QLACs cannot be variable or equity-indexed annuity contracts, though insurance ...As of January 2020, QLAC premiums cannot exceed $135,000 of pretax assets regardless of funding source. Pretax assets include traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE IRAs; and 2. QLAC premiums from a given funding source cannot exceed 25% of that funding source’s value. If the funding source is a traditional IRA, your 25% limit is calculated by ...A QLAC allows you to extend the start of your income past the required minimum distribution (RMD) age of 73. Investment Amount1 • Initial Minimum: $10,000 • 2Additional Investment Minimum: $100 • Maximum: Cumulative of more than $1 million (without home office approval) Issue Ages3 • Qualified/Traditional IRA: 18–71 • QLAC: 31–82A Qualified Longevity Annuity Contract (QLAC) allows you to defer required minimum distributions ( RMDs) from retirement accounts until you reach the age set in your contract. With a QLAC, you can fund the annuity with investments from your qualified retirement account, such as 401 (k), 403 (b), or an Individual Retirement Account (IRA).A QLAC lets you schedule income to begin at a later age than would otherwise be available. This can help you maximize future lifetime income in retirement while reducing annual ... Fidelity, March 14, 2023. The Brighthouse Guaranteed Income Builder deferred income annuity is an insurance product and not insured by the FDIC, the NCUSIF, or any ...Jul 26, 2023 · A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a type of annuity contract specifically designed to keep you from outliving your retirement savings. ... 7 Best Fidelity Mutual Funds Of 2024. By ... Inflation adjustments to tax brackets mean people may have more taxable income before being bumped into a higher tax bracket. Additionally, the standard deduction for 2024 is $29,200 for married couples, an increase of $1,500. For single filers, it increased by $750 to $14,600. Consider your possible itemized deductions this year.(A QLAC is a deferred income annuity, which is a pension-like annuity; QLACs are not subject to RMDs until age 85.) It also bumps the maximum dollar amount to $200,000 (adjusted for inflation each year), increasing the level of funds that may be shielded from RMDs for a longer period of time. (Effective immediately.)The longer you live, the greater your return on investment. Say you buy a QLAC with $100,000 today and start payments when you’re 80. Whether you live to 85 or 95, the insurance company has agreed to pay you for the rest of your life even if the sum of the payments outstrips your initial investment. Of course, mortality has its own agenda.To illustrate how a QLAC might work within the context of a real retirement plan, let’s assume that 70-year-old Kate has a $1 million IRA portfolio and would like to receive $5,000 per month ... The change in the RMDs age requirement from 72 to 73 applies only to individuals who turn 72 on or after January 1, 2023. After you reach age 73, the IRS generally requires you to withdraw an RMD annually from your tax-advantaged retirement accounts (excluding Roth IRAs, and Roth accounts in employer retirement plan accounts starting in 2024). Fidelity provides access to a range of deferred income annuities from reputable providers through The Fidelity Insurance Network. Compare our deferred income annuity offerings.Aug 25, 2023 · And only $200,000 of your qualified retirement accounts can be used to fund the QLAC. (Previously, only the lesser of 25 percent of the aggregate account balance or $145,000 of your qualified retirement funds could be used to fund a QLAC, but recent legislation changed those limits .) Deferring a portion of qualified retirement funds from RMDs ... QLAC income is greater than the income from an investment, such as Simplicity RMD Funds from Fidelity, gaining 5% each year for 25 straight years. The below chart illustrates taking IRA portfolio RMD vs investing that $125,000 IRA into a QLAC and receiving guaranteed lifetime income payments at either 75, 80 or 85 yrs old. Fidelity’s Planning & Guidance Center is an interactive experience that can help you create a comprehensive retirement plan to see if your savings are on track with your goals. You will be able to monitor your progress, revise your plan, and explore how changes can impact your plan. 2025. 2030. 2035. QLAC income is greater than the income from an investment, such as Simplicity RMD Funds from Fidelity, gaining 5% each year for 25 straight years. The below chart illustrates taking IRA portfolio RMD vs investing that $125,000 IRA into a QLAC and receiving guaranteed lifetime income payments at either 75, 80 or 85 yrs old.The QLAC is assumed to be a single-life income annuity, purchased by either a 70-year-old male or female, or as a joint contract, with a cash refund feature and an income start …Track a transfer. Visit NetBenefits®. Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917. 1119937.2.0. Contact Fidelity by phone, try using our virtual assistant for quick answers, or share your screen with a representative.2) Private Pensions are typically funded by Income, Longevity and QLAC annuities and/or Income Riders added to certain deferred annuities for an additional fee1. Private Pension benefits are not insured by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ( PBGC & PBGC MEP) or any Federal Government Agency. 3) Robo Advisor™ and Robo … Subscribe to Insights from Fidelity Wealth Management ℠. Timely news, events, and wealth strategies from top Fidelity thought leaders. All fields are required. Investing involves risk, including risk of loss. This information is intended to be educational and is not tailored to the investment needs of any specific investor. A QLAC is an annuity where part of your required minimum distributions (RMDs) are deferred. It’s purchased using funds from a qualified retirement account. A QLAC guarantees income, and is best …Qualifying Longevity Annuity Contract (QLAC): 31-80 (Owner/Annuitant(s)). Minimum premium $5,000. $100 minimum for subsequent premiums (while in deferral.) Premiums in excess of $3 million require the completion of a large-case questionnaire and will require NYLIC approval. 2 Deferral period 2-40 years. However, income payments must begin …Options to pay for long-term care. Essentially, there are 4 different ways to pay for long-term care: government assistance; traditional long-term care insurance; "hybrid" insurance, which offers life insurance or annuity benefits with long-term care coverage; and personal savings. Your options depend largely on your personal and financial ...Jan 23, 2020 · How a QLAC can create steady, later-in-life income. Let’s say you own one or more traditional IRAs with a total balance of $200,000 as of December 31 of the previous year. You would be limited to using $50,000, which is 25% of $200,000 and is less than $135,000, to fund the QLAC. (Some 401 (k) plans offer access to QLACs; check with your ... A QLAC is a type of fixed annuity that is issued by life insurance companies and provides a guaranteed monthly lifetime income stream regardless of how long you live. QLACs are regulated at the state level and need to be quoted with all carriers approved in your specific state of residence to find the highest contractual guarantee for your ...A QLAC is usually designed to start at some point in the future and is meant to help you cover costs later in life. QLAC Pros and Cons More than half of Americans are in danger of not being fully covered for their estimated expenses during retirement, according to a study from Fidelity Investments.A QLAC is a type of fixed annuity that is issued by life insurance companies and provides a guaranteed monthly lifetime income stream regardless of how long you live. QLACs are regulated at the state level and need to be quoted with all carriers approved in your specific state of residence to find the highest contractual guarantee for your ... These cookies help us present relevant online advertising and marketing messages to you, and measure the effectiveness of our advertising and marketing campaigns. Fidelity gives an example of how it plays out in real life: A person buys a $135,000 QLAC at age 70, two years before RMDs kick in The person starts receiving yearly payments of $15,131 at age 80Investors have a variety of places to hold cash, including savings accounts, money market funds, certificates of deposit (CDs), and short-term bonds. To decide whether, when, and how to invest your cash, you need to consider your goals, time frame, attitude, and needs. Your Fidelity investment professional can work with you to develop a plan to ...2 days ago ... Fidelity Qlac Calculator. IncomeSource Select Deferred Income Annuity. QLAC Annuities: Reduce Taxes and Secure Retirement Income. Fidelity ...A qualified longevity annuity contract, or QLAC, is a type of annuity contract that you can use to create an additional stream of income in retirement. This type of annuity can offer guaranteed monthly payments beginning at a specific date and ending when you pass away. Like other annuities, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons … QLACs can only be used with IRA/Qualified income. Specific QLAC rules apply for funding the policy. You can use Traditional IRA $$ to fund a QLAC. Your spouse or partner can be set up for “Joint Life” payments. QLAC $$ is not used to calculate your Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs). QLAC income can start as soon as age 72 (formerly age ... While Fidelity is currently limiting its offering to immediate annuities, it plans to add a qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC), an annuity that starts payouts when a participant reaches a ...How a QLAC can create steady, later-in-life income. Let’s say you own one or more traditional IRAs with a total balance of $200,000 as of December 31 of the previous year. You would be limited to using $50,000, which is 25% of $200,000 and is less than $135,000, to fund the QLAC. (Some 401 (k) plans offer access to QLACs; check with your ...Fidelity gives an example of how it plays out in real life: A person buys a $135,000 QLAC at age 70, two years before RMDs kick in The person starts receiving yearly payments of $15,131 at age 80Form 5498 is an annual report of your IRA activities (e.g. contributions, RMDs, etc.). Anyone who contributed to an IRA will get one in the mail between January and mid-June in 2024. You should ...• QLAC: 31–82 • Nonqualified and Roth IRA: 0–80: - Maximum age for a Single Life Only without Guarantee Period is 75. For Joint Life Only without Guarantee Period, both annuitants must be age 75 or younger. • Minimum initial premium payments: - $10,000 (qualified and nonqualified) • Minimum subsequent premium payments: $100 each*RII QLAC is a fixed deferred income annuity, designed to provide employees with guaranteed lifetime income. 2 We provide this product as a defined contribution (DC) plan distribution option. Deferred annuities are often referred to as “longevity insurance” because they provide income later in retirement; typically between the ages of 80 to 85.QLAC Annuities: Securing Your Retirement with Guaranteed Income. Qualified longevity annuity contracts, or QLAC annuities, are financial products that guarantee a stream of income in retirement. QLAC annuities differ from other annuities because they’re funded with money that comes from a retirement plan, like a 401 (k) or IRA.But a relatively new tool, the qualified longevity annuity contract, or QLAC, can pay off for latecomers. 3 Ways to Guarantee Retirement Income for Life Subscribe to Kiplinger’s Personal FinanceThe biggest benefit of a QLAC — indeed, of any annuity product — is that it offers guaranteed retirement income. This provides certainty to retirees and can be a critical source of financial security. The regular payouts can supplement social security payments, pension payments, and other income sources as well as pay for food, rent ...Fidelity Personal Retirement Annuity. Recognized as a Top Traditional Annuity by Barron's, 1 our Fidelity Personal Retirement Annuity ® 2 (FPRA) is a low-cost deferred variable annuity that allows you to increase your tax-deferred retirement savings beyond the contribution limits of an IRA or 401 (k). Start a conversation.See full list on kiplinger.com To put a house in trust is to designate a third party to hold it for another’s beneficiaries. Fidelity Investments explains that the trust is created through the execution of a doc...Option 1 – Rollover into an IRA. Option 2 – Purchase in your 401 (k) Option 3 – Ask Your Employer to Add QLACs. Option 1 – Rollover into an IRA. If you are able to rollover your 401 (k) into an IRA, you can purchase a QLAC within your IRA. This is often an attractive option for individuals that do not have access to a QLAC through their ...A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a type of annuity contract specifically designed to keep you from outliving your retirement savings. As a deferred annuity, QLACs provide you with a guaranteed stream of income later in life. In addition, they can help you reduce the retirement account withdrawals mandated by Congress, helping to ...And only $200,000 of your qualified retirement accounts can be used to fund the QLAC. (Previously, only the lesser of 25 percent of the aggregate account balance or $145,000 of your qualified retirement funds could be used to fund a QLAC, but recent legislation changed those limits .) Deferring a portion of qualified retirement funds from RMDs ... 2. In order to provide an income stream, there is no or limited access to assets. 3. Inflation protection is through an optional cost-of-living adjustment (COLA). Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917. 441145.32.0. An immediate fixed income annuity is available through The Fidelity Insurance ... Mar 15, 2024 · Purchase a qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) to turn your RMDs into a future income stream. A QLAC can be purchased with up to $200,000 from a traditional IRA, 401(k), 403(b), or governmental 457(b). That is a big deal because it means your taxes will be lower on your RMDs. A QLAC is the only annuity type that can do this. The maximum you can invest in a QLAC is $135,000 or 25% of your account balances. For example, if you have total non-Roth IRA assets of $540,000, you can buy a $135,000 QLAC. This represents 25% of your …Option 1 – Rollover into an IRA. Option 2 – Purchase in your 401 (k) Option 3 – Ask Your Employer to Add QLACs. Option 1 – Rollover into an IRA. If you are able to rollover your 401 (k) into an IRA, you can purchase a QLAC within your IRA. This is often an attractive option for individuals that do not have access to a QLAC through their ...QLAC assets don’t factor into RMD calculations until you turn 85. Therefore, if you convert a portion of your IRA or 401(k) savings into a QLAC, the money isn’t subject to mandatory withdrawals when you hit 73. After age 85, annuity payments factor into the calculation of your RMDs and withdrawals are usually taxed as ordinary income.The QLAC is assumed to be a single-life income annuity, purchased by either a 70-year-old male or female, or as a joint contract, with a cash refund feature and an income start …For U.S. Treasury purchases traded with a Fidelity representative, a flat charge of $19.95 per trade applies. A $250 maximum applies to all trades, reduced to a $50 maximum for bonds maturing in one year or less. Rates are for U.S. dollar-denominated bonds; additional fees and minimums apply for non-dollar bond trades.A free calculator from Fidelity demonstrates the potential return. Let’s say a 70-year-old male buys a QLAC for $135,000, and the contract makes payments when he turns 85.Causes of the Cuban Revolution, which lasted from 1953 through 1959, included president Fulgencio Batista’s dictatorship, brutal suppression and poverty. These factors led to a rev...I’m going to buy a single-life, life-only Qualified Longevity Annuity Contract (QLAC) from Fidelity. I am trying to solve a few problems… my IRA is large, and despite my best efforts to use it early, I may be choking on … MAGI $123k for a single person and you pay $165 more per month. Just $97k and $66 more.So, if you used 25% of a $400,000 qualified account, your $100,000 purchase of a QLAC would immediately reduce your RMDs by 25%. And the income from a QLAC could be deferred until as late as age ...5 days ago · The specific QLAC version of the longevity annuity also makes sense if you have savings in a Traditional IRA, 401(a), 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b) and do not want to take the full required minimum distribution (RMD) starting at age 73. The QLAC allows you to defer required minimum distributions on the money in the account until up to 85. Inflation adjustments to tax brackets mean people may have more taxable income before being bumped into a higher tax bracket. Additionally, the standard deduction for 2024 is $29,200 for married couples, an increase of $1,500. For single filers, it increased by $750 to $14,600. Consider your possible itemized deductions this year.Sep 17, 2021 ... #2 Deferred Income Annuity (DIA) · Who should consider a DIA? · What is a QLAC?Are you looking to create a dynamic and engaging presentation that captivates your audience? Look no further than a circular presentation with Fidel. This innovative approach to pr...Also, a QLAC allows you inside of your IRA, your own IRA to attach your spouse or partner as a joint lifetime income participant, meaning that when you pass away, the income stream continues uninterrupted and unchanged for their life. Qualified longevity annuity contracts are, in essence, deferred income annuities.Dec 7, 2021 ... ... (QLAC). “The University of California has been researching how best to evolve our retirement savings program to help participants save during ...QLAC assets don’t factor into RMD calculations until you turn 85. Therefore, if you convert a portion of your IRA or 401(k) savings into a QLAC, the money isn’t subject to mandatory withdrawals when you hit 73. After age 85, annuity payments factor into the calculation of your RMDs and withdrawals are usually taxed as ordinary income.The policy is with Fidelity not a secondary life insurance company. Minimum policy is 250k. Terms of 10, 15, and 20 years are offered. Policies have no riders. So far rates for a 3M dollar policy seem to be similar to rates for a 2M policy from other company quotes I’ve gotten. fidelity invesments is not a life insurance company.A common misconception is that Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity but, in reality, it does not stand for anything. At the time Wi-Fi was invented, it operated under the standards o...The QLAC raises my retirement score on Fidelity's tool and Flexible Retirement Planner (by Random Walk Ventures LLC), and counterintuitively raises the ending account value for my heirs. It solves the RMD problem partially, plugs the inflation gap in my Long Term Care plan, and improves the retirement plan overall by reducing portfolio variance ...Fidelity does not sell your information to third parties for monetary consideration. However, we and our marketing and advertising providers (providers) collect certain information about you, including cookies and similar data (information) stored on your browser when you visit our site.Purchases (and sales) of secondary CDs incur a trading fee of $1 per CD (1 CD = $1,000 par value). 5. Secondary CDs may be priced at, above, or below par value. As a result of this, your overall return may be higher or lower than the coupon rate of the CD. In addition, FDIC insurance covers par value plus any accrued and unpaid interest for the CD.Annuity Contract (QLAC), as long as you meet the IRS guidelines. A QLAC allows you to defer the start of your income past the required minimum distribution (RMD) age of 73. Investment Amount • Initial Minimum: $10,000 • Additional Investment Minimum: $1001 • Maximum: Cumulative of $2 million without home office approval2

A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a type of annuity contract specifically designed to keep you from outliving your retirement savings. As a deferred annuity, QLACs provide you with a guaranteed stream of income later in life. In addition, they can help you reduce the retirement account withdrawals mandated by Congress, …. Lewis structure of ocl2

Aug 25, 2023 · And only $200,000 of your qualified retirement accounts can be used to fund the QLAC. (Previously, only the lesser of 25 percent of the aggregate account balance or $145,000 of your qualified retirement funds could be used to fund a QLAC, but recent legislation changed those limits .) Deferring a portion of qualified retirement funds from RMDs ... What are the best-indexed annuities for income? We recommend Athene, American Equity, Nationwide, and Fidelity & Guaranty. These annuity providers offer higher ...And only $200,000 of your qualified retirement accounts can be used to fund the QLAC. (Previously, only the lesser of 25 percent of the aggregate account balance or $145,000 of your qualified retirement funds could be used to fund a QLAC, but recent legislation changed those limits .) Deferring a portion of qualified retirement funds from …Contract (“QLAC”) . Deferred Lifetime Income allows you to use a portion of your savings to generate income ... Call a UC-dedicated Fidelity Workplace Financial Consultant at (800) 558-9182 for assistance . Annual; cost-of-living adjustment. To help you keep pace with the increasing cost of goods and services each year,Income annuities can provide the confidence that you will have guaranteed retirement income for life or a set period of time*.A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a deferred annuity that is funded from a qualified retirement account, such as an IRA.A qualified longevity annuity contract (QLAC) is a type of annuity contract specifically designed to keep you from outliving your retirement savings. As a deferred annuity, QLACs provide you with a guaranteed stream of income later in life. In addition, they can help you reduce the retirement account withdrawals mandated by Congress, …Use the Fidelity Automatic Annuity Builder to establish a regular savings routine. Choose a hands-of, a hands-on, or a sector approach, depending on your investing style and needs. Make tax-free transfers to charity. Continue tax-deferral benefits until the oldest owner is age 95 or 90 in the state of New York.According to Fidelity, you can use a QLAC to defer distributions on some of the money in your 401 (k) or IRA beyond the age of 72. That’s because you’re allowed to spend up to $135,000 of qualified retirement savings to buy QLACs. Not only is that money exempt from RMDs, but it doesn’t count as a taxable withdrawal and won’t be taxed ...Fidelity Viewpoints. Once you reach age 73 1 you're required to withdraw a certain amount of money from your retirement plans, such as IRAs, 401 (k)s, and 403 (b)s each year. That amount is called a required minimum distribution (RMD). Here are some answers to frequently asked questions to help you get started:Nov 30, 2021 ... ... Fidelity, to implement it, according to State Street. ... QLAC. Payments from the annuity would begin ... QLAC regulations, according to State ...A QLAC or qualified longevity annuity contract is an income annuity purchased under an IRA or a qualifying employer-sponsored retirement plan. It can start payments later than age 73 but no later than age 85. The funds allocated to QLACs may be excluded from Required Minimum Distributions (RMD) calculations after age 73.QLAC income is greater than the income from an investment, such as Simplicity RMD Funds from Fidelity, gaining 5% each year for 25 straight years. The below chart illustrates taking IRA portfolio RMD vs investing that $125,000 IRA into a QLAC and receiving guaranteed lifetime income payments at either 75, 80 or 85 yrs old.Contract (“QLAC”) . Deferred Lifetime Income allows you to use a portion of your savings to generate income ... Call a UC-dedicated Fidelity Workplace Financial Consultant at (800) 558-9182 for assistance . Annual; cost-of-living adjustment. To help you keep pace with the increasing cost of goods and services each year,Fidelity & Guaranty Life. 5.50%. 7 Year Term. Apply ... Fidelity & Guaranty Life. product Name. Guarantee ... QLAC Annuity · Other Articles. Contact Us. (800) 540&nb...Commonly called a QLAC, this type of deferred income annuity funded out of your rollover IRA account provides guaranteed lifetime income starting at an age you … Fidelity’s Planning & Guidance Center is an interactive experience that can help you create a comprehensive retirement plan to see if your savings are on track with your goals. You will be able to monitor your progress, revise your plan, and explore how changes can impact your plan. 2025. 2030. 2035. A qualified longevity annuity contract, or QLAC, is a type of annuity contract that you can use to create an additional stream of income in retirement. This type of annuity can offer guaranteed monthly payments beginning at a specific date and ending when you pass away. Like other annuities, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons ….

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