2024 Can you eat cherimoya seeds

The seeds of cherimoya are toxic, and have been used to create insecticides when crushed. Also contact with the eyes can result in issues such as toxic keratitis.. Phreatophyte

Cherimoya is a versatile, refreshing fruit that can be enjoyed in an array of recipes. Eat it the same way you would eat ice cream, straight from the spoon or scooped into serving bowls and topped with homemade whipped cream. For an inventive take on an afternoon snack, cut up cherimoya and add the cubes to a fresh-cut tropical fruit salad recipe .No, cherimoya is too big of a risk for a dog. It’s even a big risk for humans because of the careful preparation needed to avoid eating the skin and the seeds. Can you grow cherimoya from seed ...by Stephen Albert Sharing is caring! Cherimoya is a heart-shaped fruit grown on a mostly evergreen tree native to Ecuador and Peru. Cherimoya fruit ranges in weight from about ¼ to 2½ pounds. The fruit has dull green skin with thumbprint-like indentations edged in brown.How to eat Cherimoya | What does Cherimoya Fruit taste lik…Oct 17, 2023 · Some people prefer to remove the seeds, as they have a slightly bitter taste. You can eat the cherimoya as is or use it in various recipes, such as smoothies, desserts, or fruit salads. In conclusion, while you can consume a cherimoya immediately after it has been cut open, the fruit may not be as enjoyable as when it has fully ripened. Iron, Potassium, Calcium, Vitamin B1, B2, B3, and C, and Folate, are all abundant in the fruit. 12. White Cherimoya. White cherimoya trees can reach a height of 30 feet and produce smaller fruits than other cherimoya kinds. The papaya-like fruit has luscious white flesh with a highly sweet flavor. 13.Full Answer What happens if you swallow a cherimoya seed? The seeds of the Cherimoya do contain alkaloids, similar to a number of other plant seeds, and while you …Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): 6% of the RDI. Manganese: 10% of the RDI. Copper: 7% of the RDI. Magnesium: 6% of the RDI. The vitamins and minerals in mangosteen are important for maintaining many ...Limit seed consumption: It is best to avoid consuming cherimoya seeds altogether. The flesh of the fruit is safe to eat and does not pose any health risks. Practice moderation: If you choose to consume cherimoya seeds, do so in moderation. Eating a few seeds occasionally is unlikely to cause any significant harm.Animals eat a variety of foods, including plants, seeds, nuts and other animals, depending on the species of animal. Pet animals, such as dogs or cats, also eat commercial food in wet or dry forms.Peel, seed, and cut cherimoyas into one inch cubes. Take six cubes and purée them ... Thank you for this article, but where can I buy a Cherimoya at? 0. Reply.Apple seeds are dispersed in the wild via zoochory, or when they are carried by animals. Animals eat the fruit and carry the seeds away in their digestive tracts. When the seed passes in the animal’s stool, the seed sprouts and propagates a...Do not eat the seeds or skin, they are both toxic. Why should you eat them? On top of having no saturated fat and cholesterol, one cherimoya (without the ...How To Eat Cherimoya. There are many ways to eat cherimoya (just so long as you don’t eat the seeds). Many people enjoy eating cherimoya alone for its sweet and creamy taste. The best way to do this is as follows: Cut the cherimoya in half; Remove the seeds from each half with the tip of a knife; Once the seeds are removed, slice each half of ...May 15, 2023 · Contents1 2 What does a cherimoya fruit taste like?2.1 How do you eat cherimoya fruit3 Can you eat cherimoya raw?4 Why are cherimoyas so expensive?4.1 What happens if I eat a cherimoya seed5 Is cherimoya a sugar apple?5.1 What is cherimoya called in Mexico6 How much sugar is in a cherimoya?6.1 Are guanabana and cherimoya […] Oct 17, 2023 · Some people prefer to remove the seeds, as they have a slightly bitter taste. You can eat the cherimoya as is or use it in various recipes, such as smoothies, desserts, or fruit salads. In conclusion, while you can consume a cherimoya immediately after it has been cut open, the fruit may not be as enjoyable as when it has fully ripened. Both ways are equally effective for getting to just the kernels for pepitas : Boil squash seeds in salted water for 10 minutes. Allow them to cool and then pinch out the seed. Take roasted, cooled squash seeds and pound them lightly between two sheets of wax paper. Remove the seed from each hull.Nov 28, 2022 · It has many seeds and is segmented into distinct wedges you can pull out and eat. Atemoya (A. squamosa x A. cherimola) – Atemoya is a hybrid between cherimoya and sugar apples, and the appearance is similar to both, but the green skin is covered with rounded, raised spikes. 13. Mountain Apple. Very different from typical apples, Mountain Apples are bell shaped and ready to eat when the fruit is a bright red color. Crispy with floral notes that smell and taste like a rose, the fruit is edible raw or used in juice, smoothies or salads, desserts and even a type of apple sauce Hawaiian style.Risks. Soursop , also known as graviola fruit, may offer benefits for cancer, including prostate, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Research shows it may have anticancer properties, but evidence for prevention or treatment is not yet conclusive. Results from lab and animal studies are promising for soursop's role in cancer, but ...cherimoya (annona cherimola) Native of Andean Valleys of Peru and Ecuador, cherimoya fruit are sweet with a tropical flavour combination of pear and pineapple and creamy enough that they're also ...To eat it, just cut it in half with a knife. Then you will seed smooth black or dark seeds. Use a knife or spoon and scoop those out. They are not edible, do not eat them. They may be poisonous. The skin is not edible either. Inside you will seed a beautiful white custard-looking flesh.If you’re wondering how to eat cherimoya, check out FruitStand’s collection of cherimoya recipes (like this delicious Cherimoya Smoothie Bowl recipe) for more ideas on how to eat this beloved fruit. In short, we recommend slicing open the cherimoya into halves and scooping out the flesh. Once you’ve removed the large, toxic seeds you can ...15 Eyl 2014 ... Cherimoyas: That's not a hand grenade, it's a cherimoya. This warty green fruit may not look like something you'd want to eat, but its rough ...Most people discard the skin and the seeds and only eat the pulp of cherimoya, which should not be crushed. In a culinary landscape that often emphasizes the inner delights of fruits, exploring the edibility of a fruit's outer layer introduces a new dimension to savoring flavors.The seeds of cherimoya are toxic, and have been used to create insecticides when crushed. Also contact with the eyes can result in issues such as toxic keratitis.The edible part of the fruit of Monstera deliciosa is the creamy, white flesh found right under the greenish scales. In the photo above, the green scales have started to open up on their own, revealing the edible, creamy flesh underneath. You can also start to gently peel away the green scales. If they don’t come off easily, the fruit ...It has a sweet, creamy flavour, with hints of banana and mango. It can be eaten alone, or serves as a great addition to smoothies and milkshakes. Germination: ...1 Haz 2017 ... ... seeds will germinate at higher altitudes. The cherimoya (Annona ... Fiber in cherimoya keeps you full for an extended period of time, thus ...Cherimoya Plant Care. Cherimoyas need sun combined with cool marine nighttime air. They do well in an array of soil types but thrive in well-draining, medium-grade soil with moderate fertility and a pH of 6.5-7.6. Water the tree deeply biweekly during the growing season and then stop watering when the tree goes dormant.You can readily eat the pulasan seeds raw. The orange spiky fruit resembles more like a rambutan but has its way of showcasing its unique beauty. The tropical red fruit also offers numerous health benefits. 2. ... Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) is an aristocratic fruit, widely known as custard apple and as chirimuya to the Inca people. This green ...Only eat the pulp of cherimoya, and discard the skin and the seeds, which should not be crushed. The seeds are toxic, and have even been used to create insecticides when crushed. Also, contact with the eyes can result in serious problems, such as toxic keratitis.Sep 2, 2020 Health Benefits Allergies Adverse Effects Varieties Cherimoya ( Annona cherimola ), also called the custard apple, is a roundish green fruit with a unique, scaly outer skin. It has a creamy …Birds, mice, rats, and squirrels all love to eat seeds. Try these tips to discourage rodents from eating at or under your bird feeder. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show Latest View...15 Eyl 2014 ... Cherimoyas: That's not a hand grenade, it's a cherimoya. This warty green fruit may not look like something you'd want to eat, but its rough ...7 Haz 2023 ... Why can't you eat cherimoya seeds? ... Ingesting cherimoya seeds is not recommended because they are toxic. When crushed, the large black seeds ...Feijoa. Growing on shrubs in the highlands of South America, these small fruits ripen in the fall, and have a sweet flavor compared to apples or pineapples. Feijoa are also known as guavasteen and pineapple guava, the texture is gritty like a pear but the flabour is more like a vombed. pineapple, guava and strawberry.Cut the Fruit: Using a sharp knife, cut the cherimoya in half, vertically from the stem end. It should cut easily if the fruit is ripe. Remove the Seeds: Open up the cherimoya and you’ll find several black seeds inside. Use a spoon to scoop them out as they are not edible. Scoop and Eat: Once the seeds are removed, you can use a spoon to ...How do you eat cherimoya? Cherimoya can be eaten raw (without the seeds) or cooked into sweet and savory recipes alike. Add pitted cherimoya flesh to your morning granola, or evening ice cream! Raw cherimoya fruit is also a decadent addition to salads, pastries, desserts and drinks.To soak chia seeds, simply mix them in a 1:10 ratio of chia to water and let them sit for between 30 minutes to two hours. This equates to about one and a half tablespoons of chia seeds in one cup of water, and although it doesn’t have to be exact, you do want it to gel all the way and not be too watery. Soaked chia seeds can typically last ...Cherimoya translates to cold seeds, and the fruit has long been used to cure a variety of ailments. If you can ... eating it. The fruit's flesh contains ...Many inedible, toxic, black seeds are found throughout the flesh of the atemoya. When ripe, the fruit can be scooped out of the shell and eaten chilled. Atemoya fruit. Atemoya (Annona cherimola × squamosa) was developed by crossing cherimoya (A. cherimola) with sugar-apple (A. squamosa). Natural hybrids have been found in Venezuela and chance ...You can eat it easily with a spoon by cutting it half, removing the seeds, and scooping out the flesh. It can also be peeled and cut into cubes; just remember to remove the seeds. Removing the seeds and not eating the skin are very important steps. Other ways to eat cherimoya include: Blended in a smoothie; Frozen and pureed for a homemade sorbetMake sure to discard the skin and seeds, which are inedible. You can enjoy the pulp raw, or toss it into salads, yogurt drinks, and ice cream. 3 Custard Apple Recipes. Now that you know what a custard apple is, here are a few ways to try them out! 1) Cherimoya Sherbet from Yummly. This refreshing, fruity sherbet is delicious for any occasion ...To eat it, just cut it in half with a knife. Then you will seed smooth black or dark seeds. Use a knife or spoon and scoop those out. They are not edible, do not eat them. They may be poisonous. The skin is not edible either. Inside you will seed a beautiful white custard-looking flesh.2 May 2012 ... ... grandmother planted some papaya and cherimoya seeds in his ... They will probably eat the trees before they grow all the way lol. I ...14 Eyl 2018 ... This is the first fruit with a potentially deadly component: the seeds. Crushed cherimoya seed are poisonous. This means we'll be going easy on ...Inside, the flesh is white and very creamy, but it contains several large black, hard seeds that are not edible. The candy-like sweetness of fresh cherimoya is hard to describe. It has a distinct tropical taste and aroma, like a combination of bananas, pineapple, strawberries, and papaya. Cherimoya or Not?For a delicious snack or side dish, warm some cherimoya slices using one of these three cooking methods then add a little cinnamon. ... Slice cherimoya like an ...7 Ağu 2021 ... Then you will seed smooth black or dark seeds. Use a knife or spoon and scoop those out. They are not edible, do not ...When cherimoyas are ripe, you can eat them with a spoon - cut them in half, remove the seeds, and scoop out the flesh. You can also peel the fruit and cut it into cubes. When eating cherimoya, always discard its dark brown seeds, which are toxic to humans. Here are some other ways to enjoy cherimoya: Blended into a smoothie. Added to a ...Apr 8, 2020 · Eating a cherimoya is a hands-on experience. Have a napkin handy! Steps to eat a fresh, ripe cherimoya: Cut the cherimoya in half with a sharp knife. Scoop out the flesh with a spoon to separate from the skin of the fruit. Remove the dark seeds with your hands. Discard the seeds completely. Do not eat the seeds. 15 Eyl 2014 ... Cherimoyas: That's not a hand grenade, it's a cherimoya. This warty green fruit may not look like something you'd want to eat, but its rough ...3 Oca 2018 ... You can eat it with a spoon after opening the fruit in half. You should not eat neither the peel nor the seeds, as they may result toxic.Aug 4, 2023 · If a cat eats cherimoya seeds, they may experience symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and more serious conditions like paralysis or tremors. If your cat has ingested any, you should contact a vet immediately. Can kittens eat cherimoya? No, kittens should not eat cherimoya. The seeds are toxic and can lead to serious health issues. Pawpaws are the fruit of Asimina triloba plant species and members of the tropical custard apple family, which includes the cherimoya. In the woods, the trees can grow straight up 30-40 feet with ...Oct 12, 2022 · Steps to Eat. Follow these steps to cut and eat a raw cherimoya fruit: Use a large, sharp knife to cut the fruit in half along the stem axis. Using a fork, gently remove all visible seeds. Use the same fork to slowly remove the edible flesh, eating as you go. Continue removing seeds and eating the custardy flesh until finished. 23 Mar 2018 ... Cherimoya seeds have interesting medicinal uses, and are toxic if crushed! Cherimoya seeds, if kept dry, will remain viable for several years.Plant your seeds immediately when received. Cherimoya seeds sometimes have trouble kicking off their outer shell, so to help it along, i take a large toenail clipper, and clip off about 1/8 inch (2 mm) at several points around the seed, so that you can partially see inside at several points. It isn’t necessary to clip all the way around.Mar 23, 2022 · However, pits are far more easily removed than cherimoya seeds, and dogs can eat properly prepared apricots. Given this balance of information, and the known toxicities of the fruit, the cherimoya ... But certain spices like fenugreek, asafoetida, garlic, angelica, and peppermint are best avoided during pregnancy. These spices can stimulate the uterus, and result in contractions, preterm labour and miscarriage. They may also cause blood thinning and bleeding during pregnancy. 19. Sprouted Potatoes.3 Oca 2018 ... You can eat it with a spoon after opening the fruit in half. You should not eat neither the peel nor the seeds, as they may result toxic.Soursop, also known as Graviola, is a tree species that is native to Central and South America. Some parts of Asia savor this fruit as one of their usual meal desserts as well. The taste of the fruit is, precisely as one of its names suggests, pretty sour. Nevertheless, this fruit never fails to quench the thirst after a long day, primarily ...The cherimoya (Annona cherimola), also spelled chirimoya and called chirimuya by the Inca people, is a species of edible fruit-bearing plant in the genus Annona, from the family …To enjoy a cherimoya, you can simply cut it in half from the top and scoop out the flesh with a spoon. The large black seeds that are scattered throughout the fruit should be removed before consumption, as they are not edible. The flesh can be eaten directly or used in various recipes, such as smoothies, salads, or desserts.Learn how to grow custard apple from seeds. Planting and growing custard apple from seeds in container at home starts with the seed germination. To germinat...Only eat the pulp of cherimoya, and discard the skin and the seeds, which should not be crushed. The seeds are toxic, and have even been used to create insecticides when crushed. Also, contact with the eyes can result in serious problems, such as toxic keratitis.Sep 2, 2020The answer to this question varies, but it usually takes about six months for cherimoya to ripen. Selecting & ripening: Choose firm fruit heavy for the side. Ripen on your counter away from sunlight. When ripe, they’ll give to gentle pressure, like an avocado or peach. Ripe cherimoyas can be refrigerated for up to 4 days.Oct 15, 2013 · A single cherry yields roughly 0.17 grams of lethal cyanide per gram of seed, so depending on the size of the kernel, ingesting just one or two freshly crushed pits can lead to death. 7 Haz 2023 ... Why can't you eat cherimoya seeds? ... Ingesting cherimoya seeds is not recommended because they are toxic. When crushed, the large black seeds ...It has a sweet, creamy flavour, with hints of banana and mango. It can be eaten alone, or serves as a great addition to smoothies and milkshakes. Germination: ...Frozen cherimoya pulp can be conserved up to 120 days. Safety Profile. Cherimoya fruit is safe to consume and healthy individuals can safely enjoy this fruit. Pregnant women and lactating mothers too can eat this fruit. No studies about cherimoya allergy and toxicity have been reported. The seeds of this fruit are toxic if consumed in the ...Food Lab How To Eat Cherimoya Updated on March 25, 2022 Do you love exotic fruits? If so, then you need to try cherimoya! This delicious fruit is native to South America and can be found in grocery stores throughout the United States. Cherimoya is a sweet fruit that tastes like a cross between a banana and an apple.Cherimoya seeds are poisonous if crushed open. Like other members of the family Annonaceae, the entire plant contains small amounts of neurotoxic acetogenins, such as annonacin, which appear to be linked to atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe. Moreover, an extract of the bark can induce paralysis if injected.With the help of a sharp knife, cut cherimoya in half length-wise and scoop out the inner flesh using a spoon. Do not consume the seeds. Besides this, cherimoya can also be consumed in different forms, like: Ice Creams: You can prepare a cherimoya ice cream at home or freeze the cherimoya pulp in the freezer for 2 hours. Eat it like an ice ...Mar 2, 2020 · Beginning with a ripe cherimoya, you can slice the fruit in half, revealing the milky flesh in the center, as well as the seeds embedded in it. You will notice that pieces of the flesh will easily break off. You can then spoon out chunks of the fruit with a spoon, similar to eating an avocado. The seeds should be easy to separate, either with ... Oct 17, 2023 · Step 5: Scooping the Flesh. Once the seeds are removed, use a spoon to scoop out the flesh of the cherimoya. Work your way around the edges of the fruit, gently separating the flesh from the skin. Be careful not to damage the delicate flesh, as it is the most desirable part of the fruit. No, cherimoya is too big of a risk for a dog. It’s even a big risk for humans because of the careful preparation needed to avoid eating the skin and the seeds. Can you grow cherimoya from seed ...Ants eat fruit, meat, seeds and vegetables depending on the type of ant. Carpenter ants eat fruits, and red fire ants are meat-eaters. Different ants eat different foods, and ants are omnivorous, so they eat many different things.Jan 26, 2021 · Conclusion. So, can dogs eat cherimoya? Partly yes, partly no. While its sweet silken flesh does not pose any threat to dogs, its seeds do. They can choke our best friend’s narrow throats, eventually leading to suffocation, which we do not want to happen at all. So, if you’re going to keep your dog safe, it is better to avoid feeding them ... Cherimoya seeds are poisonous if crushed open. Like other members of the family Annonaceae, the entire plant contains small amounts of neurotoxic acetogenins, such as annonacin, which appear to be linked to atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe. Moreover, an extract of the bark can induce paralysis if injected.Key Takeaways. Dogs should not be fed custard apples (also known as cherimoyas). The seeds of the fruit can cause a choking hazard to dogs. Custard apples contain high amounts of fiber and sugar, which can be difficult for dogs to digest and may cause digestive problems. Therefore, it is not recommended to feed them to dogs.The numerous small, black seeds within the fruit are toxic if chewed and swallowed. Cherimoya is a sweet to sub-acid fruit containing moderate amounts of ...Well, the recommended answer is No, but you can offer the flesh portion of the fruit to your dog. The pulp portion of this fruit is completely safe for your canine buddy but not the seeds. Seeds are toxic and may prove fatal to your four-legged friend. Cherimoya, like many other fruits, is not good for dogs. The seed in this fruit is known to ...Apr 10, 2020 · If you’re wondering how to eat cherimoya, check out FruitStand’s collection of cherimoya recipes (like this delicious Cherimoya Smoothie Bowl recipe) for more ideas on how to eat this beloved fruit. In short, we recommend slicing open the cherimoya into halves and scooping out the flesh. Once you’ve removed the large, toxic seeds you can ... Sep 19, 2022 · How do you eat cherimoya? Cherimoya can be eaten raw (without the seeds) or cooked into sweet and savory recipes alike. Add pitted cherimoya flesh to your morning granola, or evening ice cream! Raw cherimoya fruit is also a decadent addition to salads, pastries, desserts and drinks.

The flesh of the cherimoya fruit is perfectly edible, and it is easy to avoid eating the (big) seeds. Can Be Expensive. ... There are many ways to eat cherimoya (just so long as you don't eat the seeds). Many people enjoy eating cherimoya alone for its sweet and creamy taste. The best way to do this is as follows:. Rock city minneapolis ks

The skin of cherimoya is also difficult for dogs to digest and may cause gastrointestinal obstruction. Always remove the seeds and skin before giving cherimoya to your dog. Digestive upset: Some dogs may have sensitive stomachs and can experience digestive upset when introduced to new foods, including cherimoya.No, chickens can not eat acorns as they are toxic. Acorns, oak leaves, buds and twigs should all be avoided. Young leaves and freshly fallen acorns have the most tannins and are therefore the most toxic to chickens. Tannins (tannic acid) can cause damage to a chicken’s gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Source.Dezembro 15, 2022 can you eat cherimoya skin. hunt's photo and video melrose by byBeginning with a ripe cherimoya, you can slice the fruit in half, revealing the milky flesh in the center, as well as the seeds embedded in it. You will notice that pieces of the flesh will easily break off. You can then spoon out chunks of the fruit with a spoon, similar to eating an avocado. The seeds should be easy to separate, either with ...Oct 17, 2023 · The skin of cherimoya is also difficult for dogs to digest and may cause gastrointestinal obstruction. Always remove the seeds and skin before giving cherimoya to your dog. Digestive upset: Some dogs may have sensitive stomachs and can experience digestive upset when introduced to new foods, including cherimoya. Mar 2, 2020 · Beginning with a ripe cherimoya, you can slice the fruit in half, revealing the milky flesh in the center, as well as the seeds embedded in it. You will notice that pieces of the flesh will easily break off. You can then spoon out chunks of the fruit with a spoon, similar to eating an avocado. The seeds should be easy to separate, either with ... Escape to Paradise. Cherimoya fruit cut in half showing seeds ... How to eat. Remove skin and seeds before use. Slice into pieces and enjoy. Chunks of cherimoya ...Also, cherimoya fruit is a good source of B-complex vitamins, especially vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine). 100 g fresh fruit provides 0.257 mg or 20% of daily recommended levels. Pyridoxine helps keep up GABA neurochemical levels in the brain. High GABA levels calm down nervous irritability, tension, and headache ailments.Additionally, cherimoya contains significant amounts of vitamin B6, magnesium, and potassium. When compared to other fruits, cherimoya stands out in terms of its vitamin C content. It contains more vitamin C than oranges and strawberries, making it a great choice for boosting your immune system.Here is the easiest, most common way to to slice a cherimoya: Slice the cherimoya in half longways. Then, carefully scoop out the flesh with a spoon to separate from the skin of the fruit. Be sure to discard all of the seeds as they are inedible and toxic. Quarter the cherimoya by first slicing it in half longways.First of all it should give in when you slightly squeeze it, like a ripe mango. If it still hard and you could kind of knock on wood with it then it needs a few more days to ripen up. Another thing to tell if it’s ripe is to take a look at the skin. When the skin is bright and green it’s still unripe. Once it ripens up the skin will get ...It is best to eat only the white flesh of cherimoya, avoiding its skin and seeds because they have a bitter taste and are unhealthy for the body. ... You can eat ...7. The Appearance of Monstera Deliciosa Fruit. Ripening Monstera deliciosa fruit looking like a cone. The fruit is shaped like a cone and resembles a green corn cob. The fruit can grow eight inches long and two inches wide (twenty centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide) before it ripens.Reduce the Risk of Cancer The flavonoids in cherimoya can help support your immune system, and they might also help fight cancer. Strengthen the Immune System Cherimoyas are rich in vitamin C,...Cherimoya vs. Custard Apple: Growing Requirements. Thankfully, lovely cherimoya trees are relatively easy to grow in Zones 8-12. They are not frost tender, need full sun, and are not picky about their soil. You can successfully plant the trees in sandy, loamy, or clay soil. And you do not need to worry about the nutritional requirements.Jun 18, 2023 · Here’s everything you need to know about the health benefits of eating cherimoya seeds: What are cherimoya seeds? Cherimoya seeds are small brownish-black seed-like kernels found inside the fruit. These seeds are edible and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. What are the health benefits of eating cherimoya seeds? 1. .

Popular Topics